ABSTRACT
Introduction: Gliomas are neoplasms with high recurrence and mortality. Due to the difficulty to apply the World Health Organization (2016) classification, developing countries continue to use histological evaluation to diagnose and classify these neoplasms. Objective: To develop a semi-quantitative scale to numerically grade gliomas by its morphological characteristics. Method: A cohort of patients with gliomas was assessed and followed for 36 months. Tumor tissue sections were analyzed and graded, including aspects such as cell line, cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, mitosis, endothelial hyperplasia, hypoxic changes, apoptotic bodies, necrosis, hemorrhage and proliferation index. Results: 58 cases were analyzed. Low-grade gliomas median score was 12 points (9 and 13.5 for percentiles 25 and 75, respectively), whereas for high-grade gliomas it was 17 points (16 and 20.5 for percentiles 25 and 75, respectively) (p < 0.0001). Thirty-six-month survival of patients with low (13/17) and high grade gliomas (6/41) was also significantly different (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The semi-quantitative morphological scale allows an objective evaluation of gliomas, with an adequate correlation between the score, tumor grade and survival time.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Glioma/pathology , Oligodendroglioma/mortality , Oligodendroglioma/pathology , Astrocytoma/mortality , Astrocytoma/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/classification , Brain Neoplasms/mortality , Survival Analysis , Cohort Studies , Glioblastoma/mortality , Glioblastoma/pathology , Ependymoma/mortality , Ependymoma/pathology , Neoplasm Grading , Glioma/classificationABSTRACT
Spinal cord tumors are a rare neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS). The occurrence of metastases is related to poor prognosis. The authors analyzed one series of metastasis cases and their associated mortality. METHODS: Clinical characteristics were studied in six patients with intramedullary tumors with metastases in a series of 71 surgical cases. RESULTS: Five patients had ependymomas of which two were WHO grade III. The patient with astrocytoma had a grade II histopathological classification. Two patients required shunts for hydrocephalus. The survival curve showed a higher mortality than the general group of patients with no metastases in the CNS (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Mortality is elevated in patients with metastasis and greater than in patients with only primary lesions. The ependymomas, regardless of their degree of anaplasia, are more likely to cause metastasis than spinal cord astrocytomas.
Tumores da medula espinhal são neoplasias raras do sistema nervoso central (SNC). A ocorrência de metástases é relacionada a pior prognóstico. Os autores analisaram uma série de casos de metástases e a mortalidade relacionada. MÉTODO: Foram estudadas as características clínicas em seis pacientes com metástases tumorais numa série de 71 casos operados. RESULTADOS: Cinco pacientes tinham ependimomas e dois dos quais foram grau III pela classificação da OMS. O paciente portador de astrocitoma tinha classificação histopatológica de grau II. Dois pacientes necessitaram de derivação devido à hidrocefalia. A curva de sobrevivência mostrou mortalidade mais elevada no grupo de pacientes com disseminação pelo SNC (p<0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: A mortalidade, além de elevada em pacientes com metástases, é maior do que em pacientes apenas com lesão primária. Os ependimomas, independentemente do seu grau de anaplasia, costumam causar mais metástases do que os astrocitomas medulares.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Astrocytoma , Brain Neoplasms , Ependymoma , Meningeal Neoplasms , Spinal Cord Neoplasms , Astrocytoma/mortality , Astrocytoma/secondary , Brain Neoplasms/mortality , Brain Neoplasms/secondary , Ependymoma/mortality , Ependymoma/secondary , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Meningeal Neoplasms/mortality , Meningeal Neoplasms/secondary , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Survival Rate , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/mortality , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
A retrospective study of 81 patients with low-grade astrocytoma (LGA) comparing the efficacy of aggressive versus less aggressive surgery in eloquent and non-eloquent brain areas was conducted. Extent of surgical resection was analyzed to assess overall survival (OS) and progression- free survival (PFS). Degree of tumor resection was classified as gross total resection (GTR), subtotal resection (STR) or biopsy. GTR, STR and biopsy in patients with tumors in non-eloquent areas were performed in 31, 48 and 21% subjects, whereas in patients with tumors in eloquent areas resections were 22.5, 35 and 42.5%. Overall survival was 4.7 and 1.9 years in patients with tumors in non-eloquent brain areas submitted to GTR/STR and biopsy (p=0.013), whereas overall survival among patients with tumors in eloquent area was 4.5 and 2.1 years (p=0.33). Improved outcome for adult patients with LGA is predicted by more aggressive surgery in both eloquent and non-eloquent brain areas.
Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo em 81 pacientes com astrocitoma de baixo grau (LGA) comparando a eficácia da ressecção cirúrgica com cirurgia menos agressiva em relação à área eloquente e não eloquente do cérebro. A extensão da ressecção cirúrgica foi analisada para avaliar a sobrevida geral (OS) e o tempo livre de doença (PFS). O grau da ressecção cirúrgica foi classificado como ressecção total (GTR), subtotal (STR) e biópsia. Nos pacientes com lesão em área não eloquente foram realizadas GTR, STR e biópsia em 31, 48 e 21% dos casos, enquanto, naqueles com lesão em área eloquente, em 22,5, 35 e 42,5%, respectivamente. A sobrevida geral foi de 4,7 e 1,9 anos em pacientes com lesões em área não eloquente submetidos à GTR/STR e biópsia (p=0,013). Nos pacientes com lesão em áreas eloquentes, a sobrevida geral foi de 4,5 e 2,1 anos (p=0,33), respectivamente. A extensão da ressecção é fator preditivo de sobrevida tanto nas lesões em áreas eloquentes quanto nas não eloquentes.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Astrocytoma/surgery , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Astrocytoma/mortality , Astrocytoma/pathology , Biopsy , Brain Neoplasms/mortality , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Background : The MIB-1 labeling index (LI) has proved to be useful in assigning grading and prognosis to astrocytomas. The purpose of our study was to analyze the utility of MIB-1 LI in differentiating astrocytomas of varying grades and the possible relationships of MIB-1 LI with clinical parameters like age and sex. We also wanted to study the prognostic role of MIB-1 index in predicting behavior of astrocytomas. Materials and Methods : Our study included 145 patients with astrocytic tumors of varying grades. Immunolabeling for all patients was done using MIB-1 antibody. Survival data could be obtained for 64 patients. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the difference in MIB-1 LI between different histological grades. The univariate analysis was done by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the multivariate analysis for survival was performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results : Significant differences were noted in mean MIB-1 LI of high-grade and low-grade diffuse astrocytomas. MIB-1 LI did not vary significantly with age and sex. Univariate analysis showed favorable prognostic factors for low histopathological grade, young patient age and low MIB-1 LI; however, multivariate analysis showed that only histopathological grade had independent prognostic significance. Conclusions : Our study proves that MIB-1 LI is not dependent on factors like age and sex and is solely dependent on histological grade. Though the average level of MIB-1 LI varies considerably in the different grades of astrocytomas, considerable overlap can be observed between them. MIB-1 LI is a very useful adjunct to the histopathological diagnosis and can be of great help in situations where the clinical and radiological findings do not correlate with histological diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Astrocytoma/diagnosis , Astrocytoma/mortality , Astrocytoma/pathology , Child , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Male , Microscopy , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Severity of Illness Index , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
Antecedentes: Los pacientes pediátricos con astrocitomas de alto grado con mismas histologías presentan respuestas diferentes a idéntico tratamiento. Es necesario identificar los factores que influyen en el pronóstico y respuesta al mismo. La sobreexpresión de la proteína Ki67 se ha asociado con respuestas poco favorables. El objetivo fue determinar si la expresión de este antígeno influye en la sobrevida de los pacientes con astrocitoma de alto grado del Hospital de Pediatría del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes con astrocitoma anaplásico o glioblastoma multiforme atendidos entre 1995 y 2005. Por inmunohistoquímica se determinó la expresión del antígeno Ki67 en las muestras de tejido tumoral y se correlacionó con la histología tumoral y la sobrevida de los pacientes. Resultados: De 21 pacientes, 12 sobreexpresaron el antígeno Ki67. No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la sobreexpresión del antígeno Ki67 y la sobrevida, aunque sí clínica. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la sobreexpresión del Ag Ki67 y el grado de malignidad del tumor. La edad menor de 11 años resultó un factor de mal pronóstico. La sobrevida global fue de 49 % a 120 meses. Conclusiones: La edad menor de 11 años fue un factor de mal pronóstico en los pacientes estudiados con astrocitoma o glioblastoma multiforme. La sobreexpresión del antígeno Ki67 está asociada con la histología y pareciera tener relación con la sobrevida de los pacientes pediátricos con astrocitoma.
BACKGROUND: Pediatric patients with malignant gliomas and same histological diagnosis respond distinctly to treatment. It is thus necessary to determine other factors that may influence the response to treatment and survival. Over expression of the Ki67 protein has been associated with poor treatment response. The aim of this study was to determine if the expression of this antigen influences survival of patients treated for malignant gliomas in the CMN SXXI Pediatrics Hospital. METHODS: We included patients with anaplasic astrocitoma or glioblastoma multiforme seen at our hospital between 1995 and 2005. We determined the expression of Ki67 by immunohistochemistry and correlated the findings with tumor histology and patient survival. RESULTS: Of the 21 patients studied, 12 overexpressed antigen Ki67. There was no significant association between over expression of Ki67 and survival, although we observed a clinical association. Over expression of Ki67 correlated with more aggressive histology. Being under the age of 11 was a poor prognostic factor. Overall survival was 49% at 120 months. CONCLUSIONS: Being young (under 11 years) is a marker of poor prognosis among pediatric patients with anaplasic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme. Overexpression expression of antigen Ki67 is associated with histology and may be associated with poor survival among patients treated in our hospital.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , /biosynthesis , Astrocytoma/metabolism , Astrocytoma/mortality , Brain Neoplasms/metabolism , Brain Neoplasms/mortality , Hospitals, Pediatric , Prognosis , Survival RateABSTRACT
Los tumores cerebrales corresponden a la segunda neoplasia más frecuente en pediatría, siendo los más frecuentes los de origen glial, con ligero predominio del sexo masculino y máxima incidencia a los ocho años de la vida. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar cuáles son los factores que influyen en la sobrevida de estos pacientes. Se analizaron los expedientes clínicos de todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de astrocitoma realizado y manejado en el Hospital de Pediatría del CMN, SXXI, IMSS durante el período comprendido entre el 1 de junio de 1989 y el 1 de junio de 1995, registrando la edad, el sexo, el sitio de la tumoración, el grado de malignidad y la fecha de recaída o defunción. Se calcularon curvas de sobrevida global y libre de enfermedad con prueba de log rank para determinar diferencias. Del total de 39 pacientes se encontraron 43 por ciento supratentoriales, 13 por ciento infratentoriales y 43 por ciento de tallo cerebral, con diferencias significativas en la sobrevida al comparar los dos primeros en conjunto contra el último. Se realizó cirugía y estudio histopatológico en 26 de ellos, encontrando 17 pacientes con alto grado de malignidad y nueve de bajo grado, con mejor sobrevida para estos últimos en forma significativa. De las 17 defunciones, ocho pacientes tuvieron tumor de alto grado de malignidad y nueve de bajo grado, con mejor sobrevida para estos últimos en forma significativa. De las 17 defunciones, ocho pacientes tuvieron tumor de alto grado y de tallo cerebral 10. El 41 por ciento de las defunciones ocurrieron en el primer año y 94 por ciento en los primeros 24 meses. Los pacientes con astrocitoma en cerebelo y aquéllos con bajo grado de malignidad, tiene los mejores pronósticos, mientras que los pacientes con tumoración de tallo cerebral y/o de alto grado de malignidad tiene sobrevidas muy bajas